Common Types of Mechanical Fasteners
Mechanical fasteners cover a broad range of hardware. These are the most widely used fastener categories in engineering and manufacturing:
Bolts & Screws
Bolts and screws provide high tensile strength, predictable preload (the initial tension applied to a bolt when tightened), and repeatable performance. They’re available in nearly endless head styles, drives, materials, and coatings.
Bolts work with nuts to affect clamp load across multiple components.
Screws are typically inserted into a threaded hole, or can be self-threading.
Nuts & Washers
Nuts mate with bolts, while washers spread clamp load and protect surfaces. Key washer types include:
Flat washers: Increase bearing surface
Lock washers: Resist vibration loosening of fasteners
Fender washers: Large outer diameter for soft materials
There are also various types of nuts, including:
Hex nuts: Versatile and wrench-friendly
Flange nuts: Integrated washer for load distribution
Lock nuts: Contain an insert (typically nylon) for vibration resistance
Wing nuts: For hand tightening
